Data sources. Rent share and mean travel time to work come from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 5-year estimates for 2020 through 2024 (ACS 2020-2024 5-year estimates). Rent share is ACS table B25071: median gross rent as a percentage of household income for renter-occupied units paying cash rent. When a city shows that renters spend X% of income on rent, that figure is B25071. Mean commute minutes are the snapshot mean travel time to work field (aggregate travel time divided by workers). Median gross rent, household income, work-from-home share, and population are carried from the same ACS vintage.
Score. 50% rentShare + 50% commuteMinutes, each min-max normalized across qualifying cities and inverted so lower is better; score 0-100. A higher score means lower rent burden and a shorter commute.
Commute hours. commuteMinutes x 2 one-way trips x 21 workdays / 60; estimate for a full-time worker commuting every workday.
College towns. Cities marked (college town) use the same flag as the safest-affordable ranking. College towns can show higher rent shares because many residents are students with low incomes.
Population floor. Cities need population of 75,000 or more, plus both rent share and commute minutes. 496 of 500 catalog cities qualify.
Metro areas. Cities map to Census core-based statistical areas through the 2020 Census place-by-county relationship files and the OMB/Census July 2023 CBSA delineation file (list1_2023). Connecticut cities use the July 2023 CBSA titles after counties were replaced by planning regions in that delineation. 496 of 496 ranked cities mapped to a CBSA.
Rent caveat. ACS median gross rent reflects what current renters reported across the five-year window. New leases often cost more.